Pro-independence movements have gained high popularity in Flanders as a consequence. Contributions to the development of science and technology have appeared throughout the country's history. The 16th century Early Modern flourishing of Western Europe included cartographer Gerardus Mercator , anatomist Andreas Vesalius , herbalist Rembert Dodoens [] [] [] [] and mathematician Simon Stevin among the most influential scientists. Bakelite was developed in — by Leo Baekeland.
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In , he started a series of conferences, the Solvay Conferences on Physics and Chemistry, which have had a deep impact on the evolution of quantum physics and chemistry. As of 1 January , the total population of Belgium according to its population register was 11,, The most densely populated province is Antwerp , the least densely populated province is Luxembourg. As of January , the Flemish Region had a population of 6,, Wallonia had a population of 3,, The Brussels Capital Region has 1,, inhabitants In the average total fertility rate TFR across Belgium was 1.
The prevalent foreign nationals were Italian , , French , , Dutch , , Moroccan 80, , Portuguese 43, , Spanish 42, , Turkish 39, and German 37, Of these, , 6. Since the modification of the Belgian nationality law in more than 1. The largest group of immigrants and their descendants in Belgium are Moroccans. Belgium has three official languages: Dutch, French and German. A number of non-official minority languages are spoken as well. French-speaking Belgians are often referred to as Walloons, although the French speakers in Brussels are not Walloons.
The total number of native Dutch speakers is estimated to be about 6. Roughly 23, more German speakers live in municipalities near the official Community. Both Belgian Dutch and Belgian French have minor differences in vocabulary and semantic nuances from the varieties spoken respectively in the Netherlands and France. Many Flemish people still speak dialects of Dutch in their local environment. Walloon , considered either as a dialect of French or a distinct Romance language , [] [] is now only understood and spoken occasionally, mostly by elderly people.
Walloon is divided into four dialects, which along with those of Picard , [] are rarely used in public life and have largely been replaced by French. Since the country's independence, Roman Catholicism has had an important role in Belgium's politics. Roman Catholicism has traditionally been Belgium's majority religion; being especially strong in Flanders. According to the Eurobarometer , Protestants comprised 2. Non-religious people comprised A further 5. Symbolically and materially, the Roman Catholic Church remains in a favorable position.
In the early s, there were approximately 42, Jews in Belgium. The Jewish Community of Antwerp numbering some 18, is one of the largest in Europe, and one of the last places in the world where Yiddish is the primary language of a large Jewish community mirroring certain Orthodox and Hasidic communities in New York, New Jersey, and Israel. In addition, most Jewish children in Antwerp receive a Jewish education.
This is particularly the case in eastern Wallonia and areas along the French border. Muslims constitute The largest group of immigrants in Belgium are Moroccans, with , people. The Turks are the third largest group, and the second largest Muslim ethnic group, numbering , The Belgians enjoy good health.
According to estimates, the average life expectancy is Death in Belgium is mainly due to heart and vascular disorders, neoplasms , disorders of the respiratory system and unnatural causes of death accidents, suicide. Non-natural causes of death and cancer are the most common causes of death for females up to age 24 and males up to age Healthcare in Belgium is financed through both social security contributions and taxation.
Health insurance is compulsory. Health care is delivered by a mixed public and private system of independent medical practitioners and public, university and semi-private hospitals.
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Health care service are payable by the patient and reimbursed later by health insurance institutions, but for ineligible categories of patients and services so-called 3rd party payment systems exist. For the first time in Belgian history, the first child was euthanized following the 2-year mark of the removal of the euthanization age restrictions.
The child had been euthanized due to an incurable disease that was inflicted upon the child. Although there may have been some support for the euthanization there is a possibility of controversy due to the issue revolving around the subject of assisted suicide. Education is compulsory from 6 to 18 years of age for Belgians.
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Mirroring the dual structure of the 19th-century Belgian political landscape, characterized by the Liberal and the Catholic parties , the educational system is segregated within a secular and a religious segment. The secular branch of schooling is controlled by the communities, the provinces, or the municipalities, while religious, mainly Catholic branch education, is organized by religious authorities, although subsidized and supervised by the communities.
Despite its political and linguistic divisions , the region corresponding to today's Belgium has seen the flourishing of major artistic movements that have had tremendous influence on European art and culture. Nowadays, to a certain extent, cultural life is concentrated within each language Community, and a variety of barriers have made a shared cultural sphere less pronounced.
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Contributions to painting and architecture have been especially rich. The Mosan art , the Early Netherlandish , [] the Flemish Renaissance and Baroque painting [] and major examples of Romanesque , Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque architecture [] are milestones in the history of art. While the 15th century's art in the Low Countries is dominated by the religious paintings of Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden , the 16th century is characterized by a broader panel of styles such as Peter Breughel 's landscape paintings and Lambert Lombard 's representation of the antique.
The avant-garde CoBrA movement appeared in the s, while the sculptor Panamarenko remains a remarkable figure in contemporary art.
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Belgian contributions to architecture also continued into the 19th and 20th centuries, including the work of Victor Horta and Henry van de Velde , who were major initiators of the Art Nouveau style. The vocal music of the Franco-Flemish School developed in the southern part of the Low Countries and was an important contribution to Renaissance culture.
Contemporary popular music in Belgium is also of repute. Jazz musician Toots Thielemans and singer Jacques Brel have achieved global fame. Nowadays, singer Stromae has been a musical revelation in Europe and beyond, having great success. In the heavy metal scene, bands like Machiavel , Channel Zero and Enthroned have a worldwide fan-base. The poet and playwright Maurice Maeterlinck won the Nobel Prize in literature in Jacobs and Willy Vandersteen brought the Belgian cartoon strip industry a worldwide fame. Belgian cinema has brought a number of mainly Flemish novels to life on-screen.
Folklore plays a major role in Belgium's cultural life: the country has a comparatively high number of processions, cavalcades, parades, ' ommegangs ' and 'ducasses', [H] ' kermesse ' and other local festivals, nearly always with an originally religious or mythological background.
Originated in and revived in the s, the Gentse Feesten have become a modern tradition.
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Many highly ranked Belgian restaurants can be found in the most influential restaurant guides, such as the Michelin Guide. Contrary to their name, french fries are claimed to have originated in Belgium, although their exact place of origin is uncertain. The national dishes are " steak and fries with salad", and " mussels with fries ". Since the s, sports clubs and federations are organized separately within each language community. Belgians hold the most Tour de France victories of any country except France.
Philippe Gilbert is the world champion. Another modern well-known Belgian cyclist is Tom Boonen.
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With five victories in the Tour de France and numerous other cycling records, Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx is regarded as one of the greatest cyclists of all time. Belgium hosted the European Football Championships , and co-hosted the European Championships with the Netherlands. Kim Clijsters and Justine Henin both were Player of the Year in the Women's Tennis Association as they were ranked the number one female tennis player.
The Summer Olympics were held in Antwerp. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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Country in Western Europe. This article is about the country in Western Europe. For other uses, see Belgium disambiguation. For the city in the United States, see Belgique, Missouri. The flag's official proportions of are rarely seen; proportions of or similar are more common. The Brussels region is the de facto capital, but the City of Brussels municipality is the de jure capital.
Main article: History of Belgium. Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in ours Gauls, the third. Of all these, the Belgae are the strongest Main article: Geography of Belgium. East Flanders. Walloon Brabant.