Every member state has its own law based on values and ethics. Obviously, countries that are more restrictive export patients to other countries. If harmonisation means equality and equal access to reproductive medicine for all couples, gay and lesbian too, that would be ideal.
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Reproductive tourism exists, and it can be both good or bad. What drove you to get into politics? Do you think that politics is a lever for change? It is a lever for decision-making. I started my career as a scientist and clinician 30 years ago. I started looking into the ethical aspects and societal impacts of my work about 15 years ago.
I visited many committees at local, national and international levels. I remember writing a report for the health minister here. I worked with experts organising meetings and discussions for two years, and when the minister finally got the report, it was election time. It went to the bottom of the pile and the newly-elected minister wanted nothing to do with that report. In , I was asked to support the Green party and be on an electoral list, and I said yes. I entered the Belgian Senate and hold a seat in the Council of Europe.
I became an active politician. In the same way you have evidence-based medicine, our decisions and policies should also be fact-based, not based on fake news and alternative information.
As a scientist, I want to bring science into the political decision-making [process]. About 25 years ago, a colleague asked me to work on the effects of the environment on fertility. At the time, nobody knew much about the topic. I started researching and found out about the shocking effects of endocrine disruptors, which are long-term and transgenerational. I work on environmental issues like microplastics, nanotechnologies or endocrine disruptors. You hid your transgender identity for years.
Was it to protect yourself? What has been the most difficult part of your transition?
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I transitioned when I was 40 because it took me so much time to accept and understand what was happening. I have many others. I want people to talk about me because of my work, because of my political actions. I see so much gender inequality, so much discrimination. There is a lot to be done, even in countries like Belgium! Women are conditioned not to believe in themselves. The MeToo movement has two sides for me. The negative aspect is the way in which some men were publicly ousted or judged without a trial. There was a kind of witch hunt.
All these identities coexist together. Identity is a multilayered thing. I wish people would be more proud of the European continent. Thinking about Europe, what makes you angry or scared? Europe came up after World War II to avoid any other war on the continent.
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They are the fundamental issues we are still defending in the Council of Europe, the first European Institution. Transgender people have been allowed to change their legal gender since , though under certain circumstances which were repealed in Belgium has frequently been referred to as one of the most gay-friendly countries in the world, [2] with recent polls indicating that a majority of Belgians support same-sex marriage and adoption rights.
With the appointment of Petra De Sutter Groen as Minister of Civil Service in , Belgium is one of the first countries in the world to have an openly transgender woman as a government minister.
Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since when the country was a French possession. This was briefly increased to 18 for same-sex sexual activity between and by the addition and later repeal of article bis to the Penal Code. It was inserted by an amendment of MP Freddy Terwagne d to the law of 8 April on youth protection. The Senate eventually concurred in June ; article bis was thus repealed by the law of 18 June Belgium became the second country to allow same-sex marriages in after the Netherlands.
Same-sex couples have had the same rights as opposite-sex couples in adopting children since A legal inequality compared to heterosexual couples still existed with regards to children: the husband of the biological mother was automatically legally recognised as the father by article of the Civil Code , but this was not the case in a same-sex couple for the wife of the mother. To be recognised as the co-mother, she had to complete an adoption procedure.
This accounted for the large majority of adoption cases in Belgium. The Di Rupo Government promised to fix this, and in , as the Netherlands recently passed similar legislation, LGBT organisations pressured the government about their promise. Subsequently, legislators worked to agree on a solution. The bill received royal assent on 5 May and went into effect on 1 January Generally, adoption law is regulated at the federal level, whereas the adoption procedure is managed by the community governments. Between and , 56 male same-sex couples and two female same-sex couples had domestically adopted a child in the Flemish Community Flanders.
In the same period, 12 children were domestically adopted in the French Community , giving a total of 70 LGBT domestic adoptions in Belgium in that period.
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The anti-discrimination law of 25 February included discrimination protections on the basis of sex and sexual orientation. On 29 November , the Federal Government approved an expansion of the anti-discrimination law to include gender identity and gender expression. It was approved by the Federal Parliament and received royal assent on 22 May It was the first case in Belgium in which a crime was officially qualified as being motivated by hate on the basis of sexual orientation.
This included 17 physical attacks, 42 public homophobic insults, 17 housing discrimination cases, and 31 online attacks. Between and , there was a yearly average of 31 men and 14 women who officially changed their legal gender, with an increase after the law came into in effect. Plans to amend the law to remove these requirements were announced by the Michel Government in , [20] [21] [22] passed by the Chamber of Representatives and signed by King Philippe in , [23] [24] and took effect on 1 January Currently, it is only possible to change gender on the identity card from male to female or vice versa, but according to the court, persons who are non-binary are excluded from this rule.
The court held that an " X " sex option should be available. The Constitutional Court has asked the Belgian Federal Parliament to work on an arrangement that complies with the ruling, whether through the "creation of one or more additional categories" or the removal of gender from compulsory registration. Their coalition agreement states that "legislation will be amended in accordance with the ruling of the Constitutional Court. The further implications of that will be investigated.
In order to change legal sex, an adult person has to file an application with a statement that their legal sex is not corresponding with their gender identity. No surgery or other medical or psychological treatment or opinion is required.
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After filing an application, the applying person will be informed about the legal consequences of a requested change. The applicant has to renew their intent to have their legal sex changed within three months of application and to declare that they are aware of the legal consequences of a change.
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Minors between 12 and 16 have the possibility to change their first name, but not sex. Minors aged 16 and 17 have the possibility to apply for a sex change with parental consent and a psychological opinion confirming that their decision has been taken freely and without any outside pressure. According to the National Register, transgender Belgians changed their legal gender under the new law in Many Belgian hospitals, the Ghent University Hospital UZ Gent among them, are known for their specialisation in sex reassignment surgery.
Many French transgender people go there due to a lack of accepting hospitals in France. Intersex infants in Belgium may undergo medical interventions to have their sex characteristics altered. Human rights groups increasingly consider these surgeries unnecessary and, they argue, should only be performed if the applicant consents to the operation.
In February , the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child recommended Belgium to ban these surgeries and provide intersex infants and their parents counseling and support. The first intersex organization in Flanders, Intersekse Vlaanderen , was officially registered in August In Belgium, as in many other countries, men who have sex with men MSM were previously not allowed to donate blood. In , the blanket ban was repealed and replaced with a one-year deferral period.